王金锡,许金铎,乔光辉,谢国成
Wang Jinxi Xu Jinduo ;(Sichuan Research Institute of Forestry) (Forestry Institute of Ganzi Prefecture) ;Qiao Guanghui Xie Guocheng ;(Daofu Forestry Bureau) (Luhuo Forestry Bureau);

• 1:四川省林科院
• 2:甘孜州林科所
• 3:道孚林业局
• 4:炉霍林业局

摘要(Abstract)：

长江上游高原丘陵区系森林生态环境脆弱带。近年来,森林因过度的采伐,使本已恶劣的气候条件更加变坏,传统的营林技术很难适应这一地带的森林更新,保存率极低。研究表明:影响更新的不利因素是苗木生长季有效积温偏低,迹地水份亏缺严重,苗木生长季初期水份温度不协调,牛羊对苗木的践踏等。采用严格选择更新树种和更新季节,尽量利用立地伐桩、困山木等建造有利更新的微生境,结合窄带清林,小穴整地,插枝阴蔽等技术措施,提高了更新成效。通过多项指标的测定,微生境更新技术形成的微生境有效地改善了苗木生存空间的水份热量因素,及多项抗旱性生理指标,大大地提高了更新保存率。本项技术已在当地普遍推广。
The hilly area of the plateau in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River is a weak zone as far as its forest ecological environment is concerned. In recent years,the overcutting of forests has made the originally adverse natural conditions still worsened. The old silvicultural techniques have difficulty in adaption to the regeneration of forests in this zone and thus the survival rate of regeneration is very low. Researches have shown that unfavourable factors affecting forest regeneration are as follows;the accumulated temperature in the growing season of younglings is on the low side .and the accumulated temperatures of≥10℃ range only from 500 to 1300℃;the cutover land has a heavy deficit of moisture content,and the amount of deficit in a year reaches 200 to 300 mm:the moisture temperatures are unco-ordinated in the early growing season of younglings;and younglings are often trampled by oxen or sheep. For this reason,a corresponding technique, namely the regeneration of microhabitat,should be adopted ,including strict selection of tree species and sea-sons for regeneration and use of stumps on the cutover land to bring about a favourable microhabitat for the growth of regenerated younglings. And moreover, such silvicultural measures as refining in narrow strip, land preparation in small hole and shading of cuttings can raise the regeneration efficiently. According to the determination of multiple indicators, the microhabitat created by this technique has shown an evident improvement in hydrothermal conditions for the growth of younglings. For example, the water content of soil has increased by 10 to 15% ,the transpiration strength of younglings reduced by 20 to 30% ,the mean daily relative water content in needles raised by 4. 6% ,and the mean daily value of natural saturation deficits of moisture in needles decreased by 6% ,thus making the survival percent of regeneration rise by 20 to 40%. Additionally,this technique is now in common use in the local silvicultural production.

关键词(KeyWords)： 高原丘陵区;微生境;更新
hilly area of the plateau; microhabitat; regeneration

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation):

作者(Authors): 王金锡,许金铎,乔光辉,谢国成
Wang Jinxi Xu Jinduo ;(Sichuan Research Institute of Forestry) (Forestry Institute of Ganzi Prefecture) ;Qiao Guanghui Xie Guocheng ;(Daofu Forestry Bureau) (Luhuo Forestry Bureau);

DOI: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.1991.04.001

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