卧龙国家级自然保护区羚牛种群结构研究Study on the Population Structure of Takins(Budorcas taxicolor) in Wolong National Nature Reserve
管晓,瞿桂英,唐卓,刘明冲,王鹏彦
GUAN Xiao,QU Guiying,TANG Zhuo,LIU Mingchong,WANG Pengyan
摘要(Abstract)：
远程红外视频监控技术的引入,为深入了解羚牛种群的种群结构提供了新的手段。2017年7月至2019年6月,对卧龙国家级自然保护区的羚牛种群进行了连续监测。通过视频在线和回放的形式,以15 min为间隔的固定时间抽样法,在9 968次有效观察中,记录羚牛45 188只次。雌雄性比为1.64∶1,雌性成年与亚成体、幼体的构成比例为1:0.39∶0.48,表明牛群处于稳定增长状态。不同季节雌雄羚牛共同出现的比率关系,表明在繁殖季节成年雌雄个体间有大量的时间共同出现,非繁殖季节成年雌雄间处于相对分离状态。本文作者倾向于认为:在卧龙国家级自然保护区,羚牛是以雌性成年个体为主导地位的,有亲缘关系的亚成体和幼年个体构成的家群为基本单元,在繁殖季节由于繁殖配种的需要,多个家群聚集在一起,并与雄性个体会合形成30～50只个体的聚群。
The introduction of remote infrared video monitoring technology provides a deeper understanding of the basic information of takin population in Wolong National Nature Reserve. From July 2017 to June 2019, the takin population in Wolong National Nature Reserve was continuously monitored. In the form of online video and playback, 45 188 takins were recorded in 9 968 valid observations by sampling at regular intervals of 15 minutes. The ratio of male to female was 1.64∶1, and the ratio of female adult to subadult and young was 1∶0.39∶0.48, indicating that the takin population was in a stable growth state. The ratio of male and female takins appearing together in different seasons shows that there was a lot of time for male and female adults to appear together in the breeding season, while in the non-breeding season, they were relatively separated. The results indicated that in Wolong National Nature Reserve, the takin population was dominated by female adult individuals, and the basic unit was the family group composed of female adult individuals and related sub-adults and juvenile individuals. In the breeding season, due to the need of breeding and mating, many families gather together and form a group of 30-50 individuals with male individuals.
关键词(KeyWords)：
羚牛;种群结构;远程视频监控
Takin;Population structure;Remote video monitoring
基金项目(Foundation): 保护区能力提升资金（2018）
作者(Author):
管晓,瞿桂英,唐卓,刘明冲,王鹏彦
GUAN Xiao,QU Guiying,TANG Zhuo,LIU Mingchong,WANG Pengyan
参考文献(References)：
- [1]艾怀森.羚牛在中国的地理分布与生态研究现状[J].四川动物，2003,22(1):14-18.
- [2]曾治高，宋延龄，巩会生.佛坪自然保护区羚牛的种群数量与结构特征[J].兽类学报，1998,18(4):241-246.
- [3]宋延龄，曾治高.秦岭羚牛的集群类型[J].兽类学报，1999(2):81-88.
- [4]陈万里，谌利民，马文虎，等.四川羚牛繁殖期集群类型及海拔分布[J].四川动物，2013(6):841-845.
- [5]吴诗宝.扭角羚的繁殖生态[J].华东师范大学学报，1990，哺乳动物生态学专辑：84-89.
- [6]吴鹏举，张恩迪.西藏慈巴沟自然保护区羚牛集群现象初探[J].四川动物，2006,25(1):516-518.
- [7]欧阳志云，刘建国，张和民.卧龙大熊猫生境的群落结构研究[J].生态学报，2000,20(3):458-462.
- [8]黄金燕，周世强，谭迎春，等.卧龙自然保护区大熊猫栖息地植物群落多样性研究:丰富度、物种多样性指数和均匀度[J].林业科学，2007,43(3):73-78.
- [9]刘明冲，唐卓，管晓，等.利用远程监控系统观察卧龙保护区的羚牛和水鹿[J].林业科技通讯，2019(3):16-21.
- [10]郭文利.笼养羚牛繁殖生物学的初步研究[J].野生动物，2011,32(1):18-19.
- [11]吴诗宝，刘云，胡锦矗.野生扭角羚繁殖习性研究[J].重庆学院学报(自然科学版)，1997,14(1):36-40.
- [12]孙儒泳.动物生态学原理[M].北京：北京师范大学出版社,2017:141-145
- [13]李璞.关于哺乳动物的性比[J].动物学杂志，1958(1):19-24.
- [14]曾毅，顾宝昌，涂平.我国近年出生性别比升高原因及其后果分析[J].人口与经济，1993(1):3-15.
- [15]周有尚，饶克勤，张德英.中国婴儿死亡率分析[J].中国人口科学，1989(3):35-46.
- [16]朱北泉.神农架金丝猴生态学研究[J].湖北林业科技，2003（增刊）：46-530.
- [17]Stanley C.Cunningham,Warren B.Ballard,and Heather A.Whitelaw.Age Structure,Survival,and Mortality of Mountain Lions in Southeastern Arizona[J].The Southwestern Naturalist,2001,46(1):76-80.
- [18]Paul J.Funston Population Characteristics of lions (Panthera leo)in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park[J].South AfricaJournal of Wildlife Research,2011,41(1):1-10.
- [19]葛桃安.扭角羚的御敌与护幼[J].野生动物，1988,4:30-31.
- [20]周建华.羚牛饲养与繁殖[J].野生动物，1992,65(1):23-24.
- [21]曾治高，宋延龄，巩会生.秦岭羚牛群体分离与重组的变化[J].兽类学报，2000,20(3):161-167.
- [22]宋延龄，曾治高.秦岭羚牛的集群类型[J].兽类学报，1999,19(2):81-88.
- [23]邓其祥.天全县蜂子和羚牛生态调查[J].动物学杂志，1984,6:30-33.