蔡欣,罗建勋,严贤春
CAI Xin,LUO Jian-xun,YAN Xian-chun

• 1:西华师范大学生命科学学院
• 2:四川省林业科学研究院

摘要(Abstract)：

本研究为更深入了解小叶榕受冻害的总体情况,耐受度,影响因素,探寻环境因素和树木胸径与小叶榕冻害程度之间的关系,以便改进和调整栽培养护措施,提升校园乃至整个城市的绿化工作。首先对树木大小进行分级,实地调查小叶榕受冻害的情况,观测记录树冠受冻面积,小叶榕冻害情况初步定级,对小叶榕生长环境进行描述,包括有无建筑遮挡,建筑朝向,通风条件等。观测冻害植株百分率,计算病情指数,观测其最大耐受限度;通过分析建筑背风面和迎风面小叶榕冻害程度,和周围有无建筑遮挡小叶榕冻害程度,探究区域小环境与小叶榕冻害严重度的关系。分析树木胸径与小叶榕冻害程度的关系。结果显示,调查范围内小叶榕受冻害范围100%,冻害指数综合为56.94%,属于重度冻害,冻害耐受度5级,并且通过数据分析发现区域小环境对小叶榕冻害程度有显著影响,树木胸径对小叶榕冻害无显著影响。最后根据实际情况提出防治建议。
This research was to seek in-depth the genetal situation of low-temperature damage of Ficus microcorpa,including freezing tolerance,influencing factors,to explore the relationship between environmental factors,DBH of trees and situation of damage caused by freezing injury in order to improve and adjust the cultivation measures,enhance the greening work of campus and the whole city. Firstly,trees were classified by tree size,field survey of the frost damage was conducted and the crown frost area was observed and recorded,preliminary grading of frost damage of Ficus microcorpa was done,the Ficus microcorpa growth environment was described,including building block,building orientation and atmospheric conditions. Investigation of the freezing plant percentage,calculation of disease index,and its maximum tolerance limit were also done. The relationship between freezing injury and the habitat was also analyzed in statistics by analyzing and comparing the frost damage on leeward side of building and windward side with independent sample t test,then observing the correlativity between freeze injury degree and different tree size. The result showed that the sphere of freezing injury influence was 100%,the dis-ease index for the whole campus was 56. 94%,which was a serious damage,with a tolerance limit of grade 5. Through data analysis,it was found that the regional environment had a significant effect on the degree of frost damage,and tree DBH had no significant effect on frost damage. Finally,according to the actual situation,prevention and treatment recommendations were provided.

关键词(KeyWords)： 小叶榕;冻害;病情指数;耐受限度
Ficus microcarpa;Freezing injury;Disease index;Tolerance limit

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation):

作者(Author): 蔡欣,罗建勋,严贤春
CAI Xin,LUO Jian-xun,YAN Xian-chun

DOI: 10.16779/j.cnki.1003-5508.2017.04.013

参考文献(References)：

• [1]中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会编.中国植物志[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.
• [2]卓丽环,陈龙请.园林树木学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2004.1:130~131.
• [3]黎菁,郝日明.城市园林建设中“适地适树”的科学内涵[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2008,02:151~154.
• [4]武三安.园林植物病虫害防治[M].中国林业出版社,2007.
• [5]张学昆,张春雷,廖星,等.2008年长江流域油菜低温冻害调查分析[J].中国油料作物学报,2008,01:122~126.
• [6]董燕生,陈洪萍,王慧芳,等.基于多时相环境减灾卫星数据的冬小麦冻害评估[J].农业工程学报,2012,(20):172~179+295.
• [7]杨爱萍,杜筱玲,王保生,等.江西省多气象要素的柑橘冻害指标[J].应用气象学报,2013.24(2):248~256.
• [8]安成立,刘占德,刘旭峰,等.猕猴桃不同树龄冻害调研报告[J].北方园艺,2011(18):44~47.
• [9]徐冬梅.冬季园林树木防雪冻措施[J].园林,2010,01:45~47.
• [10]马承建,刘晶.浅谈花木防寒技术[J].绿色科技,2010,07:88~90.
• [11]毛怡霏.韶关学院观赏植物受冻调查及建议[J].绿色科技,2016,(15):122~123.
• [12]张桃映,刘琴.云南昆明冬季极端温度对园林植物冻害的影响[J].中国园艺文摘,2014,(10):93~94+186.
• [13]陈振东,林芳香.福建省棕榈科植物冻害调查初报[J].福建热作科技,2001(26):33~35.
• [14]朱艳.2008年宜昌城区榕树冻害调查[J].湖北农业科学,2010,(06):1407~1410.
• [15]王莎,赵林森.昆明市区小叶榕对冬季非节律性低温的生理反应[J].林业调查规划,2006,(05):110~113.
• [16]张媛,李宗波.2013年昆明市榕属植物冻害及恢复研究[J].中国农学通报,2016,(04):21~25.
• [17]南充市地方志编纂委员会编著.南充市志[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社.1994.
• [18]潘大德.南充市志[M].四川人民出版社,1997.
• [19]佘正松.西华师范大学校史,1946~2006[M].四川大学出版社,2006.
• [20]肖茂福.中国园林绿化产业现状与发展策略研究[D].浙江农林大学,2012.
• [21]佘正松主编.西华师范大学新区建设大事记1998-2005[M].成都:四川大学出版社.2006.
• [22]吴征镒.中国植物志[M].科学出版社,2013.
• [23]李淑娟,李汝娟,王景红.2002年西安地区常绿园林植物冻害分析[J].西北园林学院学报,2005,20(2):147~151.
• [24]何平,罗关兴,陈建雄.西昌市区园林绿化植物的冻害分析[J].西昌学院学报(自然科学版),2008年6月,22(2):12.
• [25]何飞,何亚平,费世民,等.2004年冬成都市外来园林植物冻害调查及建议[J].西南园艺,2005,33(6):19~20.
• [26]黎菁,郝日明.城市园林建设中“适地适树”的科学内涵[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2008,02:151~154.
• [27]王友国,段明革.南方园林植物冻害成因分析与防治研究[J].农技服务,2009(4):55~56.
• [28]刘忠良,钱东南.金华市园林树木冻害调查[J].现代园艺,2006,12:36~37.
• [29]贺茹珍安丽娜.园林树木冬季防冻措施[J].乡村科技,2016,(23):.
• [30]梁亚平.绿化树木冬季越冬防寒技术措施[J].农业科技与信息,2009(2):18~19.
• [31]李远超.园林树木冻害发生原因及其防护策略[J].现代农业科技,2010,12:186+188.
• [32]金巧玲,金巧珍,金向东.浅淡我国园林绿化种植类型及养护措施[J].黑龙江科技信息,2009,07:168~169.
• [33]王莉,靳素娟.南方常见园林植物寒冻害成因及防御措施[J].现代农村科技,2009(11):21~22.
• [34]刘新平.几种绿化大苗在桐城市冻害成因浅析及应对措施[J].安徽林业科技,2016,Z1:81~82.
• [35]段明革.低温雨雪冰冻灾害对南方地区园林植物的影响及冻后管护措施[J].科技信息,2008(12):487~488.
• [36]卢林,王强,庞静静,等.园林树木冻害形成的原因及防治措施探讨[J].现代园艺,2007(3):33~35.