曾晓琳,苟蓉,游明鸿,刘金平,马勇
ZENG Xiaolin,GOU Rong,YOU Minghong,LIU Jinping,MA Yong

• 1:西华师范大学生命科学学院
• 2:四川省草原科学研究院

摘要(Abstract)：

为了研究雌雄个体对自然坡位适应性的性别差异,以紫色土丘陵区人工建植6年后的3个坡向的边坡草坪为对象,通过测定坡上、坡中、坡下及坡底4个坡位上次生演替构树幼树种群的种群面积、种群密度、年龄结构、雌雄性比、分布系数等特征参数及雌雄个体株高和地径,研究坡位对次生构树种群特征和雌雄个体生长的影响。结果表明:(1)4个坡位的坡度和土壤理化性状有显著差异(P<0.05),构树均可入侵形成次生种群,随坡位降低种群面积、种群密度成倍增加(P<0.05);(2)坡位显著影响种群年龄结构,随坡位降低一年生苗树比例增加,幼树和成年树比例降低(P<0.05),坡上和坡中年龄结构为衰退型,下坡为稳定型,坡底为增长型;(3)坡位显著影响幼树和成年树的性比,坡上和坡中偏向雄株,下坡和坡底偏向雌株,坡位对成年树性比影响大于幼树;(4)坡位显著影响各龄构树的空间分布格局,坡位越低一年生苗和幼苗树越呈集群分布,随树龄增加分布系数均为下降,雌株趋向均匀分布,雄株趋向随机分布;(5)坡位对各龄构树的株高影响大于地径,株高随坡位降低而增加,地径随土层厚度增加而增加。综上,边坡草坪演替成构树+草本的混生群落,雄株对资源匮乏的耐受力强于雌株,雌株对资源的竞争力强于雄株,表现为与坡位的坡向和土壤理化性质相匹配的次生种群特征和个体生长策略,适合在裸露边坡植被恢复中推广与应用。
In order to study the gender differences of male and female individuals' adaptability to natural slope position, the secondary Broussonetia papyrifera population in the degraded slope lawn of purple hilly area was used as study materials. The slope was divided into four slope positions as uphill, middle, downhill and flat, and population characteristics such as population area, population density, age structure, male-female ratio, distribution coefficient, and other characteristic parameters, as well as the height and ground diameter of male and female individuals were determined. The results showed that:(1) There were significant differences in slope size and soil physical and chemical properties among the 4 slope positions(P<0.05). B. papyrifera could invade each position and form secondary population, but the population area and density increased exponentially with the decrease of slope position(P<0.05).(2) The slope position significantly influenced the age structure of the population. With the decrease of the slope position, the proportion of one-year seedlings increased, while the proportion of young trees and adult trees decreased(P<0.05). The age structure of B. papyrifera population on uphill and middle slope was declining type, the downhill was stable and the flat was increasing type.(3) The slope position significantly affected the sex ratio of young trees and adult trees, with male plants on the uphill and middle slopes, and female plants on the downhill and flat slopes.(4) The slope position significantly affected the age spatial distribution pattern of B. papyrifera. The lower the slope position,the more annual seedlings and seedling trees were clustered. With the increase of tree age, the distribution coefficient decreased, and the females tended to be evenly distributed, while the males tended to be randomly distributed.(5) The slope position had more influence on the height of different trees than the ground diameter. The plant height increased with the decrease of slope position, while the ground diameter increased with the increase of soil thickness. To sum up,B. papyrifera invaded the degraded lawn and formed a mixed community of B. papyrifera and herbs. The males' tolerance to the lack of resources was better than females, and the females' competitiveness to resources was stronger than males. The secondary population characteristics and individual growth strategy matched with the slope position and soil physical and chemical properties, so B. papyrifera was suitable for popularization and application in vegetation restoration of bare slope.

关键词(KeyWords)： 护坡草坪;坡位;构树;雌雄异株;种群特征
Slope protection lawn;Slope position;Broussonetia papyrifera;Dioecious plants;Population characteristics

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 四川省科技计划（2019YFN0022）项目;; 西华师范大学基本科研业务费（17D081）

作者(Author): 曾晓琳,苟蓉,游明鸿,刘金平,马勇
ZENG Xiaolin,GOU Rong,YOU Minghong,LIU Jinping,MA Yong

参考文献(References)：

• [1]赵燮京，刘定辉.四川紫色丘陵区旱作农业的土壤管理与水土保持[J].水土保持学报，2002,16(5):6-10.
• [2]曾晓琳，王大伟，刘金平，等.坡向对3种冷季型草坪草表观性状及叶绿素含量的影响[J].草业科学，2015,32(11):1823-1831.
• [3]刘金平.坡度对野生荩草分株特征及生殖分配的影响[J].草业科学，2013,30(10):1602-1607.
• [4]王大伟，孙帅，刘金平，等.坡向对退化冷季型护坡草坪中植物种类及多样性的影响[J].草业与畜牧，2017(1):40-48.
• [5]张秋玉，李远发，梁芳.构树资源研究利用现状及其展望[J].广西农业科学，2009,40(2):217-220.
• [6]张婉，赵运林，唐永成.构树对干旱、盐碱和重金属胁迫的适应机制研究进展[J].植物学研究，2017,6(5):325-332.
• [7]叶波，吴永波，邵维，等.高温干旱复合胁迫及复水对构树幼苗光合特性和叶绿素荧光参数的影响[J].生态学杂志，2014,33(9):2343-2349.
• [8]杨帆，丁菲，杜天真.盐胁迫下构树幼苗各器官中K+、Ca2+、Na+和Cl-含量分布及吸收特征[J].应用生态学报，2009,20(4):767-772.
• [9]蒋泽平，肖小君，何开跃.NaCl胁迫对构树、光叶楮生理及细胞结构的影响[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版)，2010,34(3):77-82.
• [10]Li CY,Ren J,Luo JX,et al.Sex-specific physiological and growth responses to water stress in Hippophae rhamnoides L.populations[J].Acta Physiol Plant,2004,26:123-129.
• [11]任媛媛，翟晓巧，刘艳萍.6个构树无性系叶片解剖结构与抗旱性的关系[J].陕西农业科学，2015,61(12):17-21.
• [12]赵云云，闫毓秀.雌雄构树过氧化物同工酶的比较研究[J].首都师范大学学报(自然科学版)，1996,17(2):84-87.
• [13]胥晓，杨帆，尹春英，等.雌雄异株植物对环境胁迫响应的性别差异研究进展[J].应用生态学报，2007,18(11):2626-2631.
• [14]马少薇，刘果厚，王蕾，等.干旱胁迫对黄柳雌雄扦插苗生长和生理特性的影响[J].西北植物学报，2019,9(7):1250-1258.
• [15]陈娟，李春阳.环境胁迫下雌雄异株植物的性别影响差异及竞争关系[J].应用与环境生物学报.，2014,20(4):743-750.
• [16]刘航江，宗人旭，刘金平，等.草地群落类型对乳白香青种群特征和雌雄株形态及抗性的影响[J].草业学报，2018,27(10):113-124.
• [17]印天寿.重铬酸混色光度法测定土壤、植株、有机肥料中有机质的研究[J].安徽农业科学，1984(3):68-74.
• [18]兰国玉，雷瑞德.植物种群空间分布格局研究方法概述[J].西北林学院学报，2003(2):17-21.
• [19]刘春霞.高速公路裸露坡面植被恢复机理的研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2006.
• [20]肖瑞晗，满秀玲，丁令智.坡位对寒温带天然樟子松林土壤微生物生物量碳氮的影响[J].北京林业大学学报，2020,42(2):31-39.
• [21]张克丽，夏玉芳，张雪燕.构树种子萌发的生理生态学特征[J].贵州农业科学，2012,40(10):41-43.
• [22]朱虹，杨凯.红皮云杉人工林立地分类与质量评价[J].东北林业大学学报，2008,36(5):4-6.
• [23]王齐，孙吉雄，安渊.水分胁迫对结缕草种群特征和生理特性的影响[J].草业学报，2009,18(2):33-38.
• [24]冯云，马克明，张育新.等.坡位对北京东灵山辽东栎林物种多度分布的影响[J].生态学杂志，2011,30(10):2137-2144.
• [25]李雯靖，王立，赵维俊，等.祁连山青海云杉林土壤养分特征[J].甘肃农业大学学报，2016,51(5):88-94.
• [26]王浩，李德志，程立丽，等.光资源强度变化对结缕草植株克隆生长特征的影响[J].生态科学，2014,33(4):664-671.
• [27]SULTAN S E.Phenotypic plasticity and plant adaptation[J].Acta Botanica Neerlandica,1995,44(4):363-383.
• [28]樊星，蔡捡，刘金平，等.局部遮光对鹅绒委陵菜基株形态塑性及生物量配置的影响[J].草业学报，2016,25(3):172-180.
• [29]YU L,CAO M K,LI K R.Climate-induced changes in the vegetation pattern of China in the 21st century[J].Ecological Research,2006,21(6):912-919.
• [30]林雪青，李志，向伟，等.黄土高塬沟壑区不同坡位和植被下的土壤硝态氮特征研究[J].环境科学学报，2017,37(6):2360-2367.
• [31]TILMAN D.Plant Strategies and the Dynamics and Structure of Plant Communities[M].Princeton:Princeton University Press,1988.
• [32]DAWSON TE,BLISS LC.Patterns of water-use and the tissue water relations in the dioecious shrub,Salix Arctica the physiological-basis for habitat partitioning between the sexes[J].Oecologia,1989,79:332-343.
• [33]CORREIA O,BARRADAS MCD.Ecophysiological differences between male and female plants of Pistacia lentiscus L.[J].Plant Ecol,2000,149:131-142.
• [34]张望.构树生殖生态学研究[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2008.