管晓,何鸣,李文静,唐卓,刘明冲,王鹏彦
GUAN Xiao,HE Ming,LI Wenjing,TANG Zhuo,LIU Mingchong,WANG Pengyan

• 1:四川卧龙国家级自然保护区管理局
• 2:中国保护大熊猫研究中心

摘要(Abstract)：

采用粪便显微图像分析法,对卧龙保护区水鹿的食性进行了为期6个月的分析。结果显示:水鹿有采食竹叶的习性,采食竹叶的量随季节变化。食物较丰富时多取食木本树叶和双子叶草本植物,取食利用竹叶比例相对较低。随着冬季来临,食物资源减少,水鹿会逐步增加对竹叶的依赖,特别是积雪较厚的二月,水鹿大量依赖竹叶为食,粪便中竹叶残渣的相对密度高达91.82%。水鹿的采食活动在冬季构成了与大熊猫的食物竞争关系,有效管理和控制水鹿密度是大熊猫栖息地保护需要考虑的方面。
The food habits of sambar deer, an animal accompanied with the giant panda, were analyzed for six months by means of microscopic image analysis of feces in Wuyi Shed, Wolong National Nature Reserve. The results showed that sambar deer had the habit of eating bamboo leaves, and the amount of bamboo leaves they consumed changed with the season. When the food was abundant, they ofen feed on woody leaves and dicotyledonous herbs, and the proportion of bamboo leaves was relatively low. With the advent of winter, the food resources were reduced, the sambar deer would gradually increase their dependence on bamboo leaves, especially in February with thick snow. The relative density of bamboo leaves residues in feces was as high as 91.82%. At least in winter, the feeding activities of sambar deer establisded the food competition relationship with giant pandas. Effective management and control of sambar deer density is one of the measures to be considered in the habitat protection of giant pandas.

关键词(KeyWords)： 粪堆;粪便分析;食性;水鹿
Dung piles;Fecal analysis;Food habits;Sambar deer

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家林草局国际合作资金项目(2017-115-32)

作者(Author): 管晓,何鸣,李文静,唐卓,刘明冲,王鹏彦
GUAN Xiao,HE Ming,LI Wenjing,TANG Zhuo,LIU Mingchong,WANG Pengyan

参考文献(References)：

• [1]四川省林业厅.四川的大熊猫-四川省第四次大熊猫调查报[M].成都:四川科技出版社, 2015.
• [2]徐嘉，暴旭，刘振生，等.贺兰山同域分布高山麝和阿拉善马鹿秋季食性的比较研究[J].生态学报，2018,38(10):3705-3711.
• [3] Padmalal U., Takatsuki S., Jayasekara, P. Food habits of sambar cervus unicolor at the horton plains national park, sri lanka[J]. Ecological Research, 2003, 18(6):775-782.
• [4]日孜汗·阿布地艾尼，艾萨江·图合提，阿米拉·阿布来提，等.乌鲁木齐南山山区天山马鹿冬季食性分析[J].兽类学报，2013,33(4):326-332.
• [5] Kelton, S. D., and J. P. Skipworth. Food of sambar deer(Cervus unicolor)in a Manawatu(New Zealand)flax swamp[J]. New Zealand Journal Ecology, 1987, 10:149-154.
• [6] Hahn H C Jr. The white-tail deer in the Edwards plateau region of Texas[M]. Austin:Texas Game, Fish and Oyster Comm, 1945.
• [7] McMahan C A. Comparative food habits of deer and three classes of livestock[J]. J. wildl Manage., 1975, 30:798-808.
• [8] Putman R J. Facts from feces[J]. Mammal Rev., 1984, 14:79-97.
• [9] Hobbs N T. Fecal indices to dietary quality:a critique[J]. J. wildl. Manage., 1987, 51:317-320.
• [10] Sutherland W J. Ecological census technique:A Handbook[M]. London:Cambridge University Press, 1996.
• [11] Chen H P. Evaluation on research method of Ungulata food habits[J]. Chinese Journal of Zoologe, 1991, 26(2):40-41.
• [12] Warren I. E, R Veckerts D N, Shelton M, et al. Spanish goat diets in a mixed-brush rangeland in the south Texas Plains[J]. J. Range Manage.,1984, 37:340-345.
• [13] Wang R J. Application of molecular scatology to animal ecology[J]. Acta Zoologica Sinica, 2001, 47(6):699-703.
• [14]欧阳志云，刘建国，张和民.卧龙大熊猫生境的群落结构研究[J].生态学报，2000,1(3):458-462.
• [15]黄金燕，周世强，谭迎春，等.卧龙自然保护区大熊猫栖息地植物群落多样性研究:丰富度、物种多样性指数和均匀度[J].林业科学，2007,43(3):73-78.
• [16]卧龙自然保护区管理局编著.卧龙植被及资源植物[M].成都:四川科技出版社, 1987.
• [17]刘明冲，唐卓，管晓，等.利用远程视频监控系统观察卧龙自然保护区的羚牛和水鹿[J].林业科技通讯，2019,3:16-20.
• [18] S. D. Kelton and J. P. Skipworth. Food of Sambar Deer(Cervus unicolor)in a Manawtu(New Zealand)Flax Swamp[J]. New Zealand Journal of Ecology, 1987, 10(2):149-152.
• [19] Geist, V. Deer of the word:their evolution, behavior, and ecology[M]. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania:Stackpole Books, 1998.
• [20] Schaller, G. B. The deer and the Tiger[M]. Chicago:University of Chicago Press, 1967.
• [21]黄晨，张玮琪，张明海.黑龙江省完达山东部地区马鹿冬季取食对策研究[J].野生动物学报，2014,35(2):129-134.
• [22]李亚军，蔡琼，刘雪华，等.海拔对大熊猫主食竹结构、营养及大熊猫季节性分布的影响[J].兽类学报，2016,36(1):24-35.
• [23]周材权，胡锦矗，任丽平.马边大风顶自然保护区大熊猫二主食竹种微量元素的研究[J].南充师范学院学报，1997,18(1):5-9.
• [24]胡锦矗,夏勒等.卧龙大熊猫[M].成都:四川科技出版社, 1985.
• [25]王盼，白文科，黄金燕，等.同域分布大熊猫和水鹿生境利用分异特征[J].生态学报，2018,38(15):5577-5583.
• [26]姚刚，李艳红，张晋东，等.卧龙国家级自然保护区水鹿种群密度及分布调查[J].四川动物，2017,36(5):588-592.
• [27] Khan, J. A., Rodgers, W. A., Johnsingh, A. J. T., and Mathur, P. K. Tree and shrub mortality and debarking by sambar CervusUnicolor(Kerr)in Gir after a drought in Gujarat, India[J]. Biological Conservation, 1994, 73:149-154.