李永东,杨旭,贾国清,王宇,郑笑傲,蒋勇,杨彪,李生强
LI Yongdong,YANG Xu,JIA Guoqing,WANG Yu,ZHENG Xiaoao,JIANG Yong,YANG Biao,LI Shengqiang

• 1:四川贡嘎山国家级自然保护区管理局
• 2:成都兴艾信息技术有限公司
• 3:西华师范大学西南野生动植物资源保护教育部重点实验室
• 4:四川省大熊猫科学研究院

摘要(Abstract)：

开展同域分布物种生态位分化研究对于物种的区域整合保护与管理具有重要的现实意义。2017年5月—2018年4月，在四川贡嘎山国家级自然保护区内利用红外相机对区内同域分布的白马鸡和血雉开展持续监测，利用红外相机数据来比较二者在分布海拔与植被类型以及日活动节律方面的差异性。结果表明：1）白马鸡（Crossoptilon crossoptilon）(53个)和血雉（Ithaginis cruentus）(49个)分布相机位点数相近，相同位点数达24个，均仅在针阔混交林、针叶林和灌丛3种植被类型中活动；2）血雉（2 981～3930 m）和白马鸡（3 067～3930 m）分布的海拔范围相近，但白马鸡的平均分布海拔显著更高（3600.44 m±227.97 m vs. 3412.67 m±313.32 m; Z=-7.022, P<0.01）;3）白马鸡和血雉均对针阔混交林表现出明显偏好，其次是针叶林，而灌丛的利用率均较低，但二者对不同植被类型的利用率有差异；4）白马鸡的日活动节律表现出3个活动高峰，与血雉仅有的1个活动高峰明显不同（Δ=0.85, P=0.002）;5）不同季节比较时，白马鸡和血雉的日活动节律在雨季无显著差异（Δ=0.84, P=0.07），而在旱季存在显著差异（Δ=0.86, P=0.04）。本研究为研究同域分布雉类物种生态位分化积累了重要的基础数据，可为进一步探究同域分布下近缘物种的共存机制和针对性保护管理策略的制定提供重要的科学数据。
It is of great practical significance to study niche differentiation of sympatric species for integrated conservation and management of species in different regions. From May 2017 to April 2018, infrared camera traps were installed to continuously monitor the sympatric distribution of White Eared Pheasant(Crossoptilon crossoptilon)and Blood Pheasant(Ithaginis cruentus) in Gongga Mountain National Nature Reserve, Sichuan province. KruskalWallis H test and kernel density estimation were used to compare and analyze the differences in utilization of altitude,vegetation type and daily activity rhythm of the two species in dry and rainy seasons with the infrared camera data. The results were as follows: 1) The distribution camera positions of C. crossoptilon(53) and I. cruentus(49) were similar, with 24 identical sites, all of which were distributed only in the three vegetation types of coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest, coniferous forest and shrub forest. 2) The altitude distribution range of I. cruentus(2 981～3930m) and C. crossoptilon(3 067～3930 m) was similar, but the average altitude distribution of C. crossoptilon was significantly higher than that of I. cruentus(3600.44 m ± 227.97 m vs. 3412.67 m ± 313.32 m; Z=-7.022, P<0.01).3) Both C. crossoptilon and I. cruentus had obvious preference for coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest,followed by coniferous forest. The utilization rate of shrub forest was the lowest, but there were differences in the utilization of different vegetation types between the two species. 4) The daily activity rhythm of C. crossoptilon showed three activity peaks, which was obviously different from the one activity peak of I. cruentus （ Δ=0.85,P=0.002）. 5) Compared with different seasons, there was no significant difference in daily activity rhythm between C. crossoptilon and I. cruentusin rainy season （Δ=0.84, P=0.07）, but there was significant difference in dry season（ Δ=0.86, P=0.04）. This study has accumulated important basic data for studying the niche differentiation of sympatric pheasant species and can provide important scientific data for further exploring the coexistence mechanism of sympatric species and the development of targeted conservation and management strategies.

关键词(KeyWords)： 白马鸡;血雉;同域分布;生态位分化;日活动节律
Crossoptilon crossoptilon;Ithaginis cruentus;Sympatric distribution;Niche differentiation;Daily activity rhythm

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation):

作者(Author): 李永东,杨旭,贾国清,王宇,郑笑傲,蒋勇,杨彪,李生强
LI Yongdong,YANG Xu,JIA Guoqing,WANG Yu,ZHENG Xiaoao,JIANG Yong,YANG Biao,LI Shengqiang

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